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Types of Sailboats Parts of the Boat
E, P, I & J Measurements
Types of
Sailboats
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Types of Hulls. Hulls can
be divided into two types: planing and displacement. A planing hull rides
above the water with increasing speed, a displacement pushes water away
from the hull. Sailboats are also classified as either single-hulled
or multi-hulled (catamarans and timarans). Multi-hulled boats heel less and can
reach speeds over 25 knots. Single hulled-boats are slower but are
more stable in severe weather.
 | Planing:
A boat with a planing hull is often used for recreation purposes. With
increasing speed it rises above the water. It can achieve greater
and greater speed as the horse power of the motor increases.
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| Displacement:
Boats with displacement hulls have much greater stability and take
less fuel to operate, but their speed is limited to the length of the
hull (1.34 times the square root of the length of the hull, in feet, at the water
line. Go To
Calculator). Trying to increase the speed of the boat above this limit builds
up a larger and larger hull wave, but does not increase the speed of the
boat.
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Sailboats:
There are two kinds of single-hulled sailboats, one designed for deep water or ocean going
the other for sailing in shallow waters "shoal boat". Deep water
boats are either heavy full-keel boats (the keel runs the entire length
of the hull) as used in the Island Packart boats, or have a narrow deep-keel
as used in the J-boats. Heavy full-keel boats are harder to
turn and maneuver. They have a lot of inertia, turn slowly and have
pronounced prop-walk (see section on docking). Boats with long
slender keels are easier to maneuver, but the draft of the boat may be as
deep as nine
feet, making the boat unsuitable for many shallow areas. A "shoal"
boat is one which has a shallow keel, sometimes the keel is winged.
This boat is easier to turn and has less inertia. It also can sail in shallower water.
However, in heavy weather it may not be as stable as a deep water boat and may capsize more
easily. See Sailboat Stability
E, P, I & J Measurements
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The measurements "E", "P", "I", "J"
can be used to calculate sail area (assuming a 100% jib):
E: Length of the Boom
P: Length from the attachment of the boom to the mast (gooseneck) to the
mast's top.
J: Length from the mast's base to the bow.
I: Height of the mast (In fractional sloops:
From the base of the mast to where the forestay attaches to the mast).
Parts of the Boat
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Terms
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Dock The
body of water between two piers.
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Pier A platform that is supported by piles and sticks out
from the shore.
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Ease To let out the sails.
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Luffing (1) The flapping of the whole sail, flogging (2) The
forming of a "bubble" in the front part ( near the luff ) of a sail.
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Trim To pull the sails in towards the wind.
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Shoal Shallow water.
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Spar Any pole or mast to secure rigging or sails to.
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Harden Up Change the boat's course toward the wind
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Head Down Change the boat's course away from the wind.
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Head Up Change the boat's course toward the wind.
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Heel The degree of sideways tilt.
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Windward Towards the wind.
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Leeward Away from the wind.
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Bear Away To head away or off from the wind.
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Bearing The direction to an object.
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Ahead In
front of the boat.
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Abeam 90 deg
off the side of the boat.
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Aloft Above
the boat and rigging.
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Astern:
Behind the boat.
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Safety Line & Harness A line, approximately 6 feet long, which
attaches a crew's safety harness to the boat.
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Stand-On-Vessel The boat which does not change course and
has the right of way.
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Tack
(1) The front lower corner of the sail. (2) A direction of sail - i.e. a
starboard tack. (3) Coming About.
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Give-Way Vessel The boat which changes course because it
does not have the right of way.
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Helm: (1) The tiller or wheel of the boat. (2) The
tendency of the boat to head windward or leeward.
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Parts of the Hull
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Bow Front of the boat.
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Stern Back of the boat.
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Starboard The boat's right side.
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Port The boat's left side.
The sailor LEFT his bottle of
PORT wine behind.
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Aft Towards the Stern.
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Aloft Towards the top of the mast.
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Beam The boat's greatest width.
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Deck Top of the boat which covers the hull.
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Bilge The part of the hull below the cabin's floor, the
lowest part of the boat.
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Keel A fin like structure extending from the bottom of the
hull which aids in stabilization and resists lateral movement of the boat
under the force of the wind.
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Draft (1) The greatest depth the boat, from the waterline to
the end of the keel (2) The position of the greatest depth of the bend of a
sail.
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On Top of the Deck
Click on Pictures to
Enlarge !!!
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 Toe Rail An elevated rail which runs around the perimeter of
the deck. A toe rail has a number of holes to secure lines and aids
in keeping the crew on the boat by preventing ones foot from sliding off
the deck.
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Stanchion Spars or poles around the perimeter of the deck to
which lifelines are attached.
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Lifelines Lines attached to the stanchions to help prevent
the crew from going overboard. (Never depend upon lifelines to
secure you to the boat. Never attach a safety line to a lifeline.)
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Bow Pulpit A guardrail around the bow of the boat which is
usually used to aid a crew in mooring or anchoring.
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Wheel A steering wheel to turn the boat. If you turn
the wheel to port the boat will go to port.
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Tiller A spar attached to the rudder. If you turn the
tiller to port the boat will go to starboard.
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Binnacle A post to which the wheel is attached.
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Fenders A rubber-like bumper hung on the side of the boat to
prevent scratches and dents.
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